@Article{BalanYSRBALKOSA:2011:StStRe,
               author = "Balan, N and Yamamoto, M. and Sreeja, V and Ravindran, S. and 
                         Batista, I. S. and Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Lynn, KJW and 
                         Kikuchi, T. and Otsuka, Y. and Shokawa, K and Alex, S.",
          affiliation = "Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England and Kyoto 
                         Univ, RISH, Kyoto 6110011, Japan and Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, 
                         Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India and Vikram 
                         Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, 
                         India and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Ionospher 
                         Syst Res, Noosaville, Qld 4566, Australia and Nagoya Univ, STE 
                         Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan and Nagoya Univ, STE Lab, 
                         Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan and Nagoya Univ, STE Lab, Nagoya, 
                         Aichi 4648601, Japan and Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai 
                         410218, India",
                title = "A statistical study of the response of the dayside equatorial F(2) 
                         layer to the main phase of intense geomagnetic storms as an 
                         indicator of penetration electric field",
              journal = "Journal of Applied Geophysics",
                 year = "2011",
               volume = "116",
                pages = "A06312",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "F-REGION, DISTURBANCE DYNAMO, ADDITIONAL LAYER, MAGNETIC STORM, 
                         PLASMA DRIFTS, SOLAR-WIND, IONOSPHERE, SYSTEM.",
             abstract = "The response of the dayside equatorial F(2) layer to the main 
                         phases of the 22 intense geomagnetic storms (Dst < -150 nT) in 
                         1998-2008 is investigated using the digital ionosonde data from 
                         the equatorial stations in Brazilian, Indian, and Australian 
                         longitudes together with equatorial electrojet strength and IMF 
                         B(z); the storms include 15 superstorms (Dst < -200 nT). The 
                         observations show that there is a period during all MPs when the 
                         F(2) layer peak rises (and falls) rapidly with large peak electron 
                         density (Nmax) reduction, the rise velocity strongly correlates 
                         with the intensity (Dst) of the storms, and the duration of the 
                         Nmax reduction corresponds to that of strong eastward electrojet 
                         when IMF Bz remains highly negative. The observations indicate the 
                         occurrence of strong eastward prompt penetration electric fields 
                         (PPEF) during the rapid F(2) layer response. The PPEF drives the 
                         F(2) layer peak rapidly upward, which reduces Nmax due to vertical 
                         expansion and diffusion. The results therefore suggest that the 
                         rapid F(2) layer response (rapid rise (and fall) of peak height 
                         (hmax) with large Nmax reduction) observed by ionosondes can be 
                         used to detect the occurrence of the daytime eastward PPEF during 
                         intense geomagnetic storms irrespective of season and level of 
                         solar activity. The data also show two rare events of strong 
                         daytime westward electric fields due to disturbance dynamo and/or 
                         prompt penetration. The results are important when radars are not 
                         available to monitor the occurrence of the PPEF.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2010JA016001",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016001",
                 issn = "0926-9851",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Balan-JGR-v116-AO3323-2010JA016001[1].pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}